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Pyrenees Gallery https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5946f3fa8419c29f0ef95ad0/1532524673554-O6KERJC9BMO7X3584W46/IMG_4076.JPG Pyrenees Gallery https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5946f3fa8419c29f0ef95ad0/1532524724179-WU6L6Y4Q1Z9AE31RTBGH/GNXK7IEGSLqB3GiwBw0%259Q.jpg Pyrenees Gallery https://the-outcrop.squarespace.com/copper-mining-in-sw-north-america daily 0.75 2019-08-11 https://the-outcrop.squarespace.com/copper-mining-in-sw-north-america/2018/12/13/geological-background monthly 0.5 2019-08-14 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5946f3fa8419c29f0ef95ad0/1565274614750-ML9PYJ8UT5SNKWNZ7QFW/Geology2.png Copper Mining in SW North America - Geological Background Figure 5. Porphyry copper deposits relative to geology, SW North America. Brown = Precambrian, dark green = Paleozoic, blue = pre-Laramide Mesozoic, red = Laramide, orange = post-Laramide Tertiary rocks, yellow = Quaternary alluvium. Numbered light green dots are porphyry copper deposits (key can be found in Leveille and Stegen (2012). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5946f3fa8419c29f0ef95ad0/1565274931295-BMY3JSF2GRS6YG2PRUTA/Subduction.png Copper Mining in SW North America - Geological Background Figure 6. 3D model of subduction zone/arc https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5946f3fa8419c29f0ef95ad0/1565274313817-APA2W7GHQF9928IJGO7D/Supergene.png.jpeg Copper Mining in SW North America - Geological Background Figure 3. Supergene profile of porphyry copper deposit https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5946f3fa8419c29f0ef95ad0/1565270976084-1CXSJ3WVLB2JK1JM10U9/Picture1.png Copper Mining in SW North America - Geological Background Figure 1. Global Cu production by deposit type, millions of tonnes https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5946f3fa8419c29f0ef95ad0/1565278139532-478C44HIDQB9NLAZ8OCQ/Laramide.png Copper Mining in SW North America - Geological Background Figure 4. Temporal distribution of ore deposits in Southwestern North America https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5946f3fa8419c29f0ef95ad0/1565273872742-QSAFK8TNB4GW3MJXSY4N/IMG_2808.JPG Copper Mining in SW North America - Geological Background Figure 2. Porphyry with stockworks quartz-chalcopyrite veining, Christmas, AZ https://the-outcrop.squarespace.com/copper-mining-in-sw-north-america/2018/12/13/copper-mining-prior-to-1848 monthly 0.5 2019-08-14 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5946f3fa8419c29f0ef95ad0/1565281462538-58LDHLP1GWYYKSN6KELJ/Wupatki_20091123_213-me.jpg Copper Mining in SW North America - Copper Mining Prior to 1848 Figure 7. Copper bell, Wupatki ruin, near Flagstaff. Presumed to be from Mesoamerica, but provenance unknown. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5946f3fa8419c29f0ef95ad0/1565282782590-XX7YBMXXRFN3VW59SJRU/Image+8-8-19+at+9.45+AM.jpg Copper Mining in SW North America - Copper Mining Prior to 1848 Figure 8. Map of documented Spanish mines in Arizona and Sonora, from Officer (1991). https://the-outcrop.squarespace.com/copper-mining-in-sw-north-america/2018/12/16/anglo-invasion-and-discoveries-1848-1886 monthly 0.5 2019-08-12 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5946f3fa8419c29f0ef95ad0/1565283070865-U36IL0IATZU6CJVSVC2V/History2.png Copper Mining in SW North America - Anglo Invasion and Discoveries: 1848-1886 Figure 9. Graphical history of copper mining in SW N America https://the-outcrop.squarespace.com/copper-mining-in-sw-north-america/2018/12/19/electrification-demand-explosion-and-mass-production-1886-1967 monthly 0.5 2019-08-12 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5946f3fa8419c29f0ef95ad0/1565277307900-X5OL7BM366F07F74GNZ0/History2.png Copper Mining in SW North America - Electrification, Demand Explosion and Mass Production: 1886-1967 Figure 10. Graphical history of copper mining in SW N America, with copper discoveries, price, production, technological advances https://the-outcrop.squarespace.com/copper-mining-in-sw-north-america/2018/12/20/death-and-resurrection-of-mining-1967-2018 monthly 0.5 2019-08-15 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5946f3fa8419c29f0ef95ad0/1565277502135-LAC6OW2AYWX72PWMVLCF/1967_2018.png Copper Mining in SW North America - Death and Resurrection of Mining: 1967-2018 Figure 12. Crisis and resurrection of US copper mining. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5946f3fa8419c29f0ef95ad0/1565872311420-X4RQ1S2OGR1OW3YMEQ49/CuMoprice.png Copper Mining in SW North America - Death and Resurrection of Mining: 1967-2018 Figure 16. Cu and Mo prices, 1967-2018 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5946f3fa8419c29f0ef95ad0/1565290535240-PRGYG04LIYPHCW25BBUV/US_ChileCu.png Copper Mining in SW North America - Death and Resurrection of Mining: 1967-2018 Figure 15. US vs Chile copper production, 1967-2018. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5946f3fa8419c29f0ef95ad0/1565277462622-M175HQLXO9HDCNNR7HKE/History2.png Copper Mining in SW North America - Death and Resurrection of Mining: 1967-2018 Figure 11. Graphical history of copper mining in SW N America. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5946f3fa8419c29f0ef95ad0/1565277869910-YW2WSG4JFH7JAVMZNX0K/ChilevsAZ.png Copper Mining in SW North America - Death and Resurrection of Mining: 1967-2018 Figure 17. Cost factors US vs Chile, 1967-2018 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5946f3fa8419c29f0ef95ad0/1565290745833-JLRNUYAHZEHMTU3HAC4Y/LeachMillPercent.png Copper Mining in SW North America - Death and Resurrection of Mining: 1967-2018 Figure 13. Percentage of US copper production from leaching vs milling operations, 1967-2018. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5946f3fa8419c29f0ef95ad0/1565277812460-KQ1J7WB4TRLGNFJMMCJK/Corp.png Copper Mining in SW North America - Death and Resurrection of Mining: 1967-2018 Figure 14. Corporate ownership of SW NA mines and projects, 1967 - 2018. https://the-outcrop.squarespace.com/copper-mining-in-sw-north-america/2018/12/20/the-future-of-the-southwestern-north-america-copper-industry monthly 0.5 2019-08-29 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5946f3fa8419c29f0ef95ad0/1565291168471-WBZM3MLXAC7SRO5K4GNM/landuse.png Copper Mining in SW North America - The Future of the Southwestern North America Copper Industry Figure 17. Land status in Arizona. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5946f3fa8419c29f0ef95ad0/1565277729972-UE7EZE78XMCLGKOCRZGW/SWNA%2Bprojects.png Copper Mining in SW North America - The Future of the Southwestern North America Copper Industry Figure 18. 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https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5946f3fa8419c29f0ef95ad0/1562435725324-3C4HHMUJUTF1VPQ4J3Y9/0P%25GFwULQAqKmzMLDeTZfQ.jpg Walking Madeira Island Sketching feeder dikes for lava flows overlying pyroclastics on Sao Lourenco peninsula https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5946f3fa8419c29f0ef95ad0/1562244857845-ZK14WZQT9W3Y7MHGA5JA/1uNCP%2BI%2BTtOpK%258SRKqm6A.jpg Walking Madeira Island Pride of Madeira atop Pico del Arriero https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5946f3fa8419c29f0ef95ad0/1562244644795-AFMBWFG0IBZBKHG5Z7SM/bG2RkrTGSoi1Gjr6GgvpWQ.jpg Walking Madeira Island https://the-outcrop.squarespace.com/la-base daily 1.0 2022-02-11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5946f3fa8419c29f0ef95ad0/1564505944557-MM5BYLKHSG26VRP9V7GZ/IMG_2757.JPG La Base Geology, history and technology. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5946f3fa8419c29f0ef95ad0/1564504997636-94K3CVYXWGX0KEM3SJQH/sBFdL3iGRmiD1%2BUNJJHtdQ.jpg La Base Walking and water in the desert…. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5946f3fa8419c29f0ef95ad0/1564521369598-LB2BG9DZ0D1KGBNGDCAT/zZaPFMJvQ0KHVtn052i0Ew.jpg La Base Mysteries of the Superstitions https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5946f3fa8419c29f0ef95ad0/1564519614954-N0V33HAI8SMM2FWCNCCE/7kYPsDfkTxaE6pnzmD05Yg.jpg La Base Longer musings on a variety of subjects https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5946f3fa8419c29f0ef95ad0/1564521538047-W2O5SCR5CJO09YL8DXTP/l5xA9aPkSnak%2BGQukAFwuQ.jpg La Base A harder read than most…… https://the-outcrop.squarespace.com/new-page daily 0.75 2019-08-11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5946f3fa8419c29f0ef95ad0/1564523294954-YBV46UORWORUFCPEY2MB/SVN5Mb6oTLyp50yCCwKw7Q.jpg Books https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5946f3fa8419c29f0ef95ad0/1564522875963-60PXKSEJ5RE3YLATMQN4/iK2LCHShSeq8RhmK7De7XQ.jpg Books Black River, White Mountain Apache Reservation https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5946f3fa8419c29f0ef95ad0/1564523059414-HRQTJSMIW7XG6E1Y0DT3/hmGCOqoBSf6JneMWyFETXw.jpg Books Kinishba Ruin, White Mountain Apache Reservation https://the-outcrop.squarespace.com/newsletters daily 0.75 2019-08-03 https://the-outcrop.squarespace.com/newsletters/climate-newsletter monthly 0.5 2019-07-06 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5946f3fa8419c29f0ef95ad0/1562445434753-QRC1G5MO068EECYHB829/Screen+Shot+2019-07-06+at+1.35.50+PM.png Newsletters - Climate I https://the-outcrop.squarespace.com/newsletters/climate-ii monthly 0.5 2019-07-06 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5946f3fa8419c29f0ef95ad0/1562445779202-2AT37BQK52QKMCMADFPN/Screen+Shot+2019-07-06+at+1.42.19+PM.png Newsletters - Climate II https://the-outcrop.squarespace.com/newsletters/immigration monthly 0.5 2019-07-06 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5946f3fa8419c29f0ef95ad0/1562446109012-6XPDLZHJYDUUCE0LV7FO/Screen+Shot+2019-07-06+at+1.47.55+PM.png Newsletters - Immigration https://the-outcrop.squarespace.com/newsletters/geological-setting-of-madeira-island monthly 0.5 2019-07-06 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5946f3fa8419c29f0ef95ad0/1562446752153-IKWVLC29A0FTXISEGBDT/TEjqsiZEQTWDiK0UUnQ4IA.jpg Newsletters - Geological Setting of Madeira Island https://the-outcrop.squarespace.com/newsletters/history-of-copper-in-arizona monthly 0.5 2019-07-06 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5946f3fa8419c29f0ef95ad0/1562453587502-FDA5AQSKNBZ2WAAO9MF8/Screen+Shot+2019-07-06+at+3.52.17+PM.png Newsletters - History of Copper in Arizona https://the-outcrop.squarespace.com/newsletters/apaches monthly 0.5 2019-07-30 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5946f3fa8419c29f0ef95ad0/1564490394289-RVM8V94AZFA434S6GUFX/O6HGB5NvRfCa5ZPgw80whw.jpg Newsletters - Apaches https://the-outcrop.squarespace.com/newsletters/landscape-and-life-in-arizona monthly 0.5 2019-07-30 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5946f3fa8419c29f0ef95ad0/1564491326213-NK5ARPX4PHQZK88GLF3Z/IMG_2887.JPG Newsletters - Landscape and Life in Arizona https://the-outcrop.squarespace.com/newsletters/agriculture-civilization-and-their-discontents monthly 0.5 2019-08-03 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5946f3fa8419c29f0ef95ad0/1564863374806-2J2SMB41CF268GE0KVUW/Sdfc8f30Rwa6wg5x3vsULw.jpg Newsletters - Agriculture, Civilization and their Discontents